Gabatarwa: A fagen sinadarai na yau da kullun, kwantena gilashin suna da halaye na nuna gaskiya da jin daɗi mai kyau, kuma tsarin fashewar yashi da tsarin sanyi ya sa kwalabe na gilashi suna da hazo da halayen da ba su da kyau, waɗanda suka shahara ga masu amfani.Wannan labarin yana ba da ilimin da ya dace game da tsarin fashewar gilashi, tsarin sanyi da canza launin, abun ciki shine ma'anar abokai:
1. Game da yashi
Gabatarwa
Jet mai lalata na al'ada, fasahar ta ci gaba da haɓakawa, haɓakawa da haɓakawa.Tare da tsarin sarrafa shi na musamman da babban aiki da kewayon aikace-aikace, ya zama sananne sosai a masana'antar jiyya ta yau kuma an yi amfani da shi sosai a masana'antar Injin, kayan aiki, kayan aikin likita, na'urorin lantarki, injin ɗin yadi, bugu da injin rini, sinadarai. injiniyoyi, injinan abinci, kayan aiki, kayan aikin yankan, kayan aunawa, gyare-gyare, gilashi, yumbu, sana'a, gyaran injina, da dai sauransu.
Abrasive jet
Yana nufin jet da aka kafa ta hanyar abrasive motsi a babban gudun karkashin aikin wani karfi na waje.Don busassun busassun iska, ƙarfin waje yana matsawa iska;don fashewar ruwa, ƙarfin waje shine gauraye aikin iska da kuma famfo mai niƙa.
Ka'ida
Yana amfani da saurin iska mai sauri da aka samu lokacin da iska mai ƙarfi ta ratsa ta cikin ramuka masu kyau na bututun ƙarfe, kuma tana busa yashi mai kyau na quartz ko silicon carbide zuwa saman gilashin, ta yadda tsarin saman gilashin ya lalace koyaushe. ta hanyar tasirin yashi don samar da matte surface.
Tsarin fashe mai fashewa yana ƙaddara ta hanyar iska mai ƙarfi, taurin tsakuwa, musamman siffar da girman ɓangarorin yashi, ƙarancin yashi mai kyau ya sa farfajiyar ta zama kyakkyawan tsari, kuma ƙaƙƙarfan grit na iya ƙara saurin yashwa. saman fashewa.
Abrasive
Yana nufin matsakaicin da ake amfani da shi a cikin tsarin sarrafa jet, wanda zai iya zama yashi kogi, yashi na teku, yashi ma'adini, yashi corundum, yashi guduro, yashi karfe, harbin gilashi, harbi yumbu, harbin karfe, harbin bakin karfe, fatar goro, masara cob. , da dai sauransu An zaɓi kayan daban-daban da nau'ikan hatsi bisa ga buƙatun tsarin fashewa daban-daban.
Aikace-aikace
Tsaftace sikelin oxide, ragowar salts da slag waldi, ragowar saman saman saman nau'ikan kayan aiki daban-daban.
Tsaftace ƙananan burrs a saman nau'ikan kayan aiki iri-iri.
Amfani da pretreatment na surface shafi da plating na workpieces don inganta mannewa na shafi da plating.
Ana amfani da shi don inganta aikin sassa na inji, inganta yanayin lubrication na sassan mating, da rage hayaniyar aikin injiniya.
An yi amfani da shi don gyaran fuska don kawar da damuwa da inganta ƙarfin gajiya da juriya na ɓarna.
An yi amfani da shi don gyaran tsofaffin sassa da gyaran samfurori marasa lahani.
Ana amfani da shi don tsaftace roba, filastik, gilashi da sauran nau'in nau'i ba tare da cutar da farfajiyar ƙirar ba, tabbatar da daidaiton ƙirar, inganta darajar samfurin, da haɓaka rayuwar sabis na ƙirar.
Ƙarshen sarrafawa, cire ɓarna da alamomin sarrafawa akan sassa, da samun daidaitaccen yanayi kuma mara haske.
Sami tasirin fashewar yashi na musamman, kamar rubutun yashi (zanen zane), wankin wankin yashi, gilashin sanyi, da sauransu.
Game da gogewa
Gabatarwa Maganin sanyi a cikin ilmin sunadarai shine a niƙa gilashin da injina ko da hannu tare da abrasives kamar silicon carbide, yashi silica, foda na rumman, da dai sauransu. don yin uniform da m saman.Hakanan ana iya sarrafa saman gilashin da sauran abubuwa tare da maganin hydrofluoric acid.Kayayyakin sun zama gilashin sanyi da sauran samfuran.Ayyukan rufewa yana da kyau bayan sanyi.
Gilashin da aka daskare yana nufin aiwatar da canza ainihin santsin saman gilashin talakawa daga santsi zuwa m (m zuwa bayyanuwa) ta hanyar sarrafa abu.Daya ko bangarorin biyu na lebur gilashin ana goge su da injina ko da hannu tare da abrasives kamar silicon carbide, silica sand, pomegranate foda, da sauransu.Hakanan za'a iya sarrafa saman gilashin tare da maganin hydrofluoric acid.Sakamakon samfurin ya zama gilashin sanyi.Gilashin gilashin da aka yi sanyi ana sarrafa shi zuwa wani wuri maras kyau, wanda ke watsa hasken da aka watsar kuma yana da fa'ida ta zama mai gaskiya da ɓoye.
Bambanci tsakanin gilashin sanyi da gilashin yashi
Frost da tarwatsewar yashi duk suna haura saman gilashin, ta yadda hasken zai samar da tarwatsa iri ɗaya bayan wucewa ta cikin fitilar.Yana da wahala ga talakawa masu amfani su bambanta tsakanin hanyoyin biyu.Mai zuwa yana bayyana hanyoyin samar da hanyoyin guda biyu da yadda ake gane su..
1. Tsarin Frosting Frosting yana nufin nutsewa gilashi a cikin ruwa mai acidic da aka shirya (ko amfani da manna mai ɗauke da acid) don ƙaddamar da gilashin gilashi tare da acid mai karfi, kuma a lokaci guda, hydrogen fluoride a cikin maganin acid mai karfi yana haifar da lu'ulu'u don samuwa a kan gilashin surface.Sabili da haka, idan tsarin sanyi ya yi kyau, gilashin gilashin sanyi yana da santsi mara kyau, kuma ana haifar da hazo ta hanyar watsar da lu'ulu'u.Idan saman yana da ɗan ƙanƙara, yana nufin cewa acid ɗin yana lalata gilashin da gaske, wanda ke cikin aikin da bai balaga ba na maigidan sanyi.Ko kuma wasu sassa har yanzu ba su da lu'ulu'u (wanda aka fi sani da babu yashi, ko gilashin yana da speckles), wanda kuma ba shi da kyau ga gwaninta.Wannan fasaha na tsari yana da wahala.Wannan tsari ya fi kyau bayyana a matsayin lu'ulu'u masu haske suna bayyana a kan gilashin gilashi, wanda aka kafa a karkashin yanayi mai mahimmanci, babban dalilin shi ne cewa ammoniya hydrogen fluoride ya kai ƙarshen amfani.
2. Tsarin fashewar yashi Wannan tsari ya zama ruwan dare gama gari.Yana buga saman gilashin tare da barbashi na yashi da ake fitarwa cikin sauri ta hanyar bindiga mai feshi, ta yadda gilashin ya samar da wani wuri mai kyau na concave-convex, ta yadda za a cimma tasirin watsa haske da sanya hasken ya ji hazo.Fuskar samfurin gilashin yashi yana da ɗan muni.Saboda saman gilashin ya lalace, da alama gilashin da aka bayyana a asali fari ne a cikin hasken.Sana'a mai wahala.
3. Bambanci tsakanin matakai biyu ya bambanta.Gilashin da aka daskare ya fi tsada fiye da gilashin yashi, kuma tasirin yana da yawa saboda bukatun mai amfani.Wasu tabarau na musamman ma ba su dace da sanyi ba.Daga ra'ayi na neman nobility, ya kamata a yi amfani da matte.Ana iya kammala aikin fashewar yashi gabaɗaya a masana'antu, amma aikin yashi ba shi da sauƙi don yin kyau sosai.
An samar da gilashin sanyi tare da yashi mai yashi, rubutu mai ƙarfi, amma ƙayyadaddun alamu;Gilashin yashi mai yashi an zana shi da mold sannan a fesa shi bisa ga buƙatu.Ta wannan hanya, duk wani zane da kuke so za a iya sanya sanyi fiye da yashi.
Game da canza launi
Matsayin mai launi shine sanya gilashin zaɓin ɗaukar haske mai gani, ta haka yana nuna wani launi.Dangane da yanayin mai launi a cikin gilashin, an raba shi zuwa nau'i uku: mai launi na ionic, colloidal colorant da semiconductor fili microcrystalline colorant.Nau'in, wanda ake amfani da masu launin ionic ko'ina.
1. Ionic mai launi
Sauƙi don amfani, mai arziki a cikin canza launi, in mun gwada da sauƙin sarrafa sarrafawa, ƙananan farashi, hanyar canza launi ce da aka yi amfani da ita sosai, ana zaɓar masu launin ion daban-daban bisa ga buƙatun canza launi da ainihin yanayi.
1) Manganese mahadi yawanci amfani da manganese dioxide, baki foda
Manganese oxide, launin ruwan kasa foda
Potassium permanganate, launin toka-purple lu'ulu'u
Mahalli na Manganese na iya canza launin gilashi zuwa ruwan hoda.Ana amfani da manganese dioxide ko potassium permanganate.A lokacin aikin narkewa, manganese dioxide da potassium permanganate za a iya bazuwa zuwa manganese oxide da oxygen.Gilashi mai launin manganese oxide ne.Manganese oxide na iya lalacewa zuwa manganese monoxide da oxygen mara launi, kuma tasirinsa na canza launin ba shi da tabbas.Wajibi ne don kula da yanayin oxidizing da kwanciyar hankali mai narkewa.Manganese oxide da baƙin ƙarfe suna aiki tare don samun orange-yellow zuwa gilashin ja mai duhu-purple, wanda aka raba tare da dichromate.Ana iya yin shi a cikin gilashin baki.Adadin mahadi na manganese gabaɗaya 3% -5% na sinadaran, kuma ana iya samun gilashin shunayya mai haske.
2) mahadi cobalt
Cobalt monoxide koren foda
Cobalt trioxide duhu launin ruwan kasa ko baki foda
Dukkan mahadi na cobalt ana canza su zuwa cobalt monoxide yayin narkewa.Cobalt oxide wani ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfi ne mai ƙarfi, wanda ke sa gilashin ya zama shuɗi kaɗan kuma yanayin bai shafe shi ba.Ƙara 0.002% cobalt monoxide na iya sa gilashin Sami launin shuɗi mai haske.Ƙara 0.1% cobalt monoxide don samun launin shuɗi mai haske.Ana amfani da mahadi na Cobalt tare da jan karfe da mahadi na chromium don samar da gilashin shuɗi, shuɗi-kore da koren iri ɗaya.An yi amfani da shi tare da mahadi na manganese don samar da zurfin ja, purple da gilashin baki
3) Copper fili jan karfe sulfate blue-kore crystal
Copper oxide baki foda
Kofin oxide ja crystal foda
Ƙara 1% -2% jan karfe oxide a ƙarƙashin yanayin oxidizing zai iya yin launin gilashi.Copper oxide na iya aiki tare da ƙwanƙwasa oxide ko ferric oxide don samar da gilashin kore.
4) mahadi na Chromium
Sodium dichromate orange ja crystal
Potassium chromate yellow crystal
Sodium chromate yellow crystal
Chromate yana bazuwa zuwa chromium oxide yayin narkewa, kuma gilashin yana launin kore a ƙarƙashin yanayin ragewa.A ƙarƙashin yanayin oxidizing, high-valent chromium oxide kuma yana nan, wanda ke sa gilashin launin rawaya-kore.A ƙarƙashin yanayi mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, chromium yana oxidized.Lokacin da adadin ya karu, gilashin ya zama rawaya mai haske zuwa adadin mahadi na chromium maras launi, 0.2% -1% na fili an ƙididdige shi azaman chromium oxide, kuma adadin shine 0.45% na sinadaran a cikin gilashin soda-lime-silicate, wanda aka oxidized a karkashin yanayin iskar shaka.Ana iya amfani da Chrome da jan karfe oxide tare don yin gilashin kore mai tsabta
5) Haɗin ƙarfe galibi baƙin ƙarfe oxide ne.Black foda na iya canza launin gilashi zuwa blue-kore baƙin ƙarfe oxide da ja-kasa foda zuwa launin gilashi zuwa rawaya.
Haɗin baƙin ƙarfe oxide da manganese, ko amfani da su da sulfur da kwal da aka niƙa, na iya sa gilashin launin ruwan kasa (amber)
2. Mai launi na colloidal yana amfani da ƙwayoyin colloidal a cikin yanayin da aka tarwatsa a cikin gilashi don zaɓin zaɓi da watsar da haske don sanya gilashin ya nuna takamaiman launi.Girman ɓangarorin colloidal sun fi ƙayyade launi na gilashin.Colloidal canza launin Gabaɗaya, ana buƙatar tsarin kula da zafi na musamman don canza launin gilashin kuma canza launin colloid yana da tasiri na musamman, amma tsarin ya fi rikitarwa kuma farashin ya fi girma.
3. Semiconductor fili microcrystalline canza launi wakilin Gilashi dauke da sulfur selenium fili, lu'ulu'u na semiconductor suna precipitated bayan zafi magani.Saboda sauye-sauye na electrons a cikin mahaɗin yana ɗaukar haske mai gani kuma yana da launin launi, tasirinsa na canza launi yana da kyau kuma farashin yana da ƙananan, don haka an fi amfani dashi, amma yana mai da hankali ga ma'anar sarrafa tsari.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-25-2022